化学性质
| 熔点 | 303 °C(lit.) |
| 沸点 | 1457 °C(lit.) |
| 密度 | 1.01 g/mL at 25 °C |
| 储存条件 | 15-25°C |
| 溶解度 | 不溶于水；与酸溶液发生反应 |
| 形态 | 杆状 |
| 颜色 | 透明无色 |
| 比重 | 11.85 |
| PH值 | 0.5 (20°C in H2O) |
| Flame Color | True green |
| 电阻率 (resistivity) | 18 μΩ-cm, 20°C |
| 水溶解性 | insoluble H2O; reacts with HNO3, H2SO4 [MER06] |
| 电导率 | 6.7× 106S/m |
| 热导率 | 46 W/(m·K) |
| 比热容 | Cp(crystal): 0.13 J/(g·K); Cp(gas): 0.1 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 13,9327 |
| 暴露限值 | ACGIH:TLV-TWA 0.02 mg/m3,Inhalable Particulate Matter,as Tl
OSHA:PEL-TWA 0.1 mg/m3
NIOSH:REL-TWA 0.1 mg/m3 |
| 稳定性 | 稳定的。 |
| InChI | 1S/Tl |
| InChIKey | BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | [Tl] |
| Hardness, Brinell | 2.0 |
| Hardness, Vickers | 2.0 |
| CAS 数据库 | 7440-28-0(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EPA化学物质信息 | Thallium (7440-28-0) |
安全信息
| 危险品标志 | Xn,T+,T |
| 危险类别码 | 26/28-33-53-36/37/38-20/22-36/38-23/25 |
| 安全说明 | 13-28-45-61-36/37/39-36/37-26 |
| 危险品运输编号 | UN 3288 6.1/PG 2 |
| 职业暴露等级 | D |
| 职业暴露限值 | TWA: 0.1 mg/m3 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS号 | XG3425000 |
| F | 23 |
| TSCA | TSCA listed |
| 危险等级 | 6.1 |
| 包装类别 | II |
| 存储类别 | 6.1B - 不可燃，急性毒性物质（类别1和类别2）
剧毒的危险物质 |
| 危险性类别 | 急性毒性 类别2 吸入
急性毒性 类别2 经口
危害水生环境-长期危害 类别4
特异性靶器官毒性-反复接触类别2 |
| 毒害物质数据 | 7440-28-0(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| 毒性 | A naturally occurring
metal used in organic syntheses, to form alloys with other
metals, as a rodenticide and in superconductor research.
Thallium was also used historically as a depilatory. Acute toxicity from thallium includes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, polyneuritis, coma, convulsions, and death. Chronic toxicity
includes reddening of the skin, polyneuritis, alopecia, and cataracts. Neural, hepatic, and renal damage, as well as deafness
and loss of vision, have been documented after chronic exposure. The mechanism associated with such toxic effects is
thought to involve complexing of thallium with sulfhydryl
groups in mitochondria and consequent interference with oxidative phosphorylation. The oral LD50 in rats is about 30 mg/
kg, although 8-12 mg/kg is the estimated lethal dose in
humans. Thallium is also teratogenic in rats. |
| 立即威胁生命和健康浓度 | 15 mg Tl/m3 |
用途与合成方法毒性铊化合物有毒。生产人员要穿工作服，戴口罩和乳胶手套等劳保用品。化学性质为银白色金属(四方晶系)。熔点303.5℃。沸点(1457±10)℃。相对密度d2011.85。溶于硝酸、硫酸，微溶于盐酸，不溶于水。用途供提纯、制造合金，化学试剂，仪表及半导体掺杂等工业用。生产方法工业上制造铊的原料除铊矿石外，尚利用处理铝、锌、铜、锰等金属冶炼过程的副产品作为原料，经湿法冶炼制得金属铊。
湿法将有色金属冶炼过程的副产品作为原料，加入硫酸进行抽提时生成硫酸铊，再用锌粉制成海绵状铊，加入硫酸溶解海绵铊，加入碳酸钠进行反应生成碳酸铊，向其中加入硫酸所制得的溶液，再用锌处理，得到纯度为99%的铊。向99％铊中加入氰化钾，用电炉熔融处理，制得纯度大于99.9%的铊成品。类别有毒物品毒性分级剧毒急性毒性口服- 人 TDL0: 5.714 毫克/ 公斤; 未名-人 LDL0: 4.412 毫克/公斤可燃性危险特性不可燃物质储运特性库房通风低温干燥; 与碱、酸类、食品添加剂分开存放职业标准TLA-TWA 0.1 毫克/ 立方米 |
